Criminology free essay sample

There are a number of suspected causes of violence. Some violent criminals have personal traits that make them violence-prone, including mental impairments, and intellectual dysfunction. Victims of severe child abuse and neglect may become violence-prone adults. Violence may have its roots in human evolution, being almost instinctual in some instances. Drug and alcohol abuse has been linked to violence through a psychopharmacological relationship, economic compulsive behavior, or systemic link. Although guns do not cause violence, their presence can escalate its severity. Subcultures of violence encourage people to use aggressive tactics to solve disputes. Some nations have cultures that make them prone to violence. Forcible Rape Incidence of rape Types of rapist Types of rape- date, marital, statutory Causes of rape- evolutionary, biological factors, male socialization, psychological abnormality, social learning, sexual motivation. Rape and the law(Aggravated Rape)- proving rape, consent, legal reform Murder and Homicide Degrees of murder- 1st degree, 2nd degree, manslaughter, voluntary/non-negligent manslaughter, involuntary/negligent manslaughter Deliberate indifferent murder Nature and extent of murder- infanticide, filicide, eldercide Murderous relations- romantic, personal, stranger, student Serial killers- thrill killers, mission killers, expedience killers Female serial killers Mass murders- revenge killers, love killers, profit killers, terrorists killers Spree killers Assault and Battery Nature and extent of assault Domestic violence- child abuse (neglect, child sexual abuse), causes of child abuse, parental abuse, spousal abuse Robbery Armed robbery Acquaintance robbery Checkpoints Forcible rape has been known throughout history and is often linked with war and violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Types of rape include date rape, marital rape, and statutory rape; types of rapists include serial rapists and sadists. Suspected cause of rape include male socialization, hypermasuclinity, and biological determinism. Murder can involve either strangers or acquaintances. Typically, stranger murder occurs during a felony; acquaintance murder involves an interaction or interpersonal transaction between people who may be related romantically, through business dealings or in other ways. Mass murder is the killing of numerous victims in a single outburst; serial killing involves numerous victims over an extended period of time. Spree killers attack multiple victims over short periods of time. Patterns of assault are quite similar to those of homicide. Millions of cases of child abuse and spousal abuse occur each year. There are also numerous cases of parent abuse. Robbers use force to steal. Some are opportunists looking for ready cash; others are professionals who have a long-term commitment to crime. Both types pick their targets carefully, which suggests that their crimes are calculated rather than spontaneous. Emerging forms of Interpersonal Violence Hate crimes- roots of hate, thrill-seeking, reactive, mission, retaliatory hate crimes Nature and extent of hate crimes Controlling hate crimes Free Speech? Workplace violence Stalking Political Violence and Terrorism Terrorists Guerillas Insurgents Revolutionaries Contemporary forms of Terrorism Revolutionary Political National Cause-based Environmental State Sponsored Criminal What Motivates Terrorists and Terrorism Physical disturbance Alienation Indoctrination into extremism Explaining state terrorism Responses to Political Violence and Terrorism Patriot Act Checkpoints Hate crimes are violent acts against targets selected because of their religion, race, ethnic background, gender, or sexual orientation. Some hate criminals are thrill seekers; others are motivated by hatred of outsiders; still others believe they are on a mission. More than 10,000 people are the targets of hate crimes each year in the United States, Workplace violence has become commonplace. Its is believed to be related to a number of factors, including job stress and insensitive management style. Political crimes are committed when people believe that violence is the only means available to produce political change. Revolutionary terrorists seek to overthrow those in power; political terrorists oppose overnment polices; nationalist terrorists are minority group members who want to carve out a homeland; cause-based terrorists use violence to address their grievances; environmental terrorists aim at frightening off developers; state-sponsored terrorism is aimed at political dissenters or minority groups; criminal terrorists are more concerned with making profits from their cause than achieving some political purposes . The USA Patriot Act was passed to allow law enforcement agencies greater latitude in fighting terrorism.